CET-6 Listening Passages: The Dunning–Kruger Effect and the IKEA Effect

Passage One.

短文一。

Have you ever met someone who was confident and completely wrong?

你有没有遇到过那种非常自信却完全错了的人？

Psychologists have a name for this.

心理学家给这种现象起了个名字。

In 1999, David Dunning and Justin Kruger tested students at Cornell University.

1999年，David Dunning和Justin Kruger对康奈尔大学的学生进行了测试。

The tests covered grammar, logical reasoning and even humour.

测试内容包括语法、逻辑推理，甚至还有幽默感。

Afterwards, the students guessed how well they had done compared with others.

之后，学生们估计自己和其他人相比考得怎么样。

Those with the lowest scores believed they had done better than most of their classmates!

得分最低的学生却认为自己比大多数同学考得好！

The reason is simple, and a little uncomfortable.

原因很简单，也有点让人不舒服。

The skills you need to do a task well are the same skills you need to spot your mistakes.

把一件事做好所需要的能力，和发现自己错误所需要的能力是一样的。

Interestingly, the best students slightly underestimated themselves.

有意思的是，成绩最好的学生反而稍微低估了自己。

Questions nine to eleven are based on the passage you have just heard.

第9题到第11题基于你刚才听到的短文。

Question nine. What did the students do after the tests?

第9题。测试结束后学生们做了什么？

Question ten. What did the researchers find about the students with the lowest scores?

第10题。关于得分最低的学生，研究人员发现了什么？

Question eleven. Why do unskilled people fail to see their mistakes?

第11题。为什么能力不足的人看不到自己的错误？

Passage Two.

短文二。

Why does a shelf you built yourself feel so special, even if it's a little crooked?

为什么自己装的书架，就算有点歪，也让人觉得特别？

In 2012, Michael Norton and his colleagues published a study on exactly this.

2012年，Michael Norton和同事们就这个问题发表了一项研究。

They asked people to put together simple storage boxes from flat-pack furniture.

他们让参与者组装由平板包装家具做成的简单收纳盒。

Afterwards, the builders were willing to pay much more for their own box

之后，组装者愿意为自己的盒子付更多的钱，

than other people would pay for an identical box that was already built.

远远超过别人愿意为一个已组装好的同款盒子付的价钱。

The researchers called it the IKEA effect.

研究人员称之为宜家效应。

They found the same thing with origami.

他们在折纸上也发现了同样的现象。

People valued their own clumsy paper birds almost as much as an expert's work.

人们对自己折得歪歪扭扭的纸鸟，评价几乎和专家的作品一样高。

But there was one condition: the task had to be finished.

但有一个前提：任务必须完成。

When people left the job unfinished, the effect disappeared.

如果人们半途而废，这种效应就消失了。

Questions twelve to fifteen are based on the passage you have just heard.

第12题到第15题基于你刚才听到的短文。

Question twelve. What did the people in the study build?

第12题。研究中的人们组装了什么？

Question thirteen. How did the builders value their own boxes?

第13题。组装者如何评价自己的盒子？

Question fourteen. What did the researchers find with origami?

第14题。研究人员在折纸上发现了什么？

Question fifteen. When did the IKEA effect disappear?

第15题。宜家效应在什么情况下会消失？

So be careful how much you trust your own confidence,

所以，别太相信自己的自信，

and how much you love your own bookshelf!

也别太迷恋自己做的书架！