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A final-year student tells her university career adviser that she wants to take a gap year, but he has his doubts.
Write the whole sentence you hear.
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The structures this recording uses most, with the exact words you will hear:
| Structure | In the recording |
|---|---|
| Present perfect continuousAdvancedhave/has been + -ing — an action that started earlier and is still going on |
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| Present perfect with just / already / yet / everIntermediatehave just / already / never + V3, haven't … yet — how recent a finished action is, or whether it has happened at all |
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| Present perfectIntermediatehave/has + past participle — a past action that still matters now |
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| Indirect questionsIntermediateDo you know where … is? I wonder what … — a question inside a sentence keeps statement word order |
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| “Would rather” / “had better”Intermediatewould rather + verb, had better + verb — preference and strong advice |
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| “Unless / in case / as long as”Intermediateunless, in case, as long as, provided that, even if — other ways to state a condition |
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| Spoken sentence framesIntermediateThe thing is…, What I mean is…, It's worth -ing — set phrases that frame a sentence |
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| Verb + to-infinitiveIntermediatedecide / manage / seem / try + to-verb — verbs followed by to |
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| Present continuousBeginneram/is/are + -ing — something happening right now or around now |
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| Preposition + -ingIntermediateby / without / before / after + -ing — a verb after a preposition takes -ing |
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| Future with “will”Beginnerwill + verb — a decision, promise or prediction |
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| Obligation: must / have to / need toBeginnersaying that something is necessary |
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| “Would like” for polite wishesBeginnerwould like / 'd like + to-verb — a polite way to say what you want |
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| Adjective + to-infinitiveIntermediateit's hard to…, I'm happy to…, nice to meet you — an adjective followed by to |
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| For / since / agoBeginnerfor + a period, since + a starting point, a time + ago — how long, from when, how long before now |
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| Phrasal verbsIntermediategive up, find out, end up, come up with — a verb + particle with its own meaning |
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| Ability with “can / could”Beginnercan/could + verb — what someone is able to do, or could do in the past |
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| Verb + prepositionIntermediatedepend on, listen to, wait for, deal with — verbs with a fixed preposition |
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| There is / there areBeginnerthere is/are + noun — saying that something exists or is somewhere |
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