A lunchtime news bulletin: a university canteen stops taking cash and cuts food waste, and students teach older residents to use smartphones.
Write the whole sentence you hear.
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The structures this recording uses most, with the exact words you will hear:
| Structure | In the recording |
|---|---|
| Present perfect with just / already / yet / everIntermediatehave just / already / never + V3, haven't … yet — how recent a finished action is, or whether it has happened at all |
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| Present perfectIntermediatehave/has + past participle — a past action that still matters now |
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| Passive voiceIntermediatebe + past participle — the focus is on what happens, not who does it |
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| Past perfectIntermediatehad + past participle — an action finished before another past moment |
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| SuperlativesBeginnerthe -est / the most … — the top or bottom of a group |
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| Question word + to-infinitiveBeginnerhow to…, what to…, where to… — a question word followed by to |
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| Verb + to-infinitiveIntermediatedecide / manage / seem / try + to-verb — verbs followed by to |
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| Phrasal verbsIntermediategive up, find out, end up, come up with — a verb + particle with its own meaning |
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| Comparing with “as … as”Beginneras + adj + as — saying two things are equal |
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| Preposition + -ingIntermediateby / without / before / after + -ing — a verb after a preposition takes -ing |
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| For / since / agoBeginnerfor + a period, since + a starting point, a time + ago — how long, from when, how long before now |
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| Adjective + prepositionIntermediategood at, interested in, afraid of, worried about — adjectives with a fixed preposition |
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| Past simple (irregular verbs)Beginnerwent, saw, took… — a finished action in the past, with an irregular verb |
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| Prepositions of time: at / on / inBeginnerat 7 o'clock, on Monday, in the morning / in 2020 — which word goes with which time |
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| Imperatives: Let's / Don'tBeginnerLet's + verb, Don't + verb — suggesting or telling someone what to do |
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| Verb + prepositionIntermediatedepend on, listen to, wait for, deal with — verbs with a fixed preposition |
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