Many historians say U.S . President Ronald Reagan helped defeat the former Soviet Union and end the Cold War .
許多歷史學家說，美國總統羅納德·雷根幫助擊敗了前蘇聯，結束了冷戰。
Reagan's efforts included giving support to rebel groups fighting the Soviets in Afghanistan in the 1980s .
雷根的努力包括支持1980年代在阿富汗與蘇聯作戰的反叛組織。
U.S . support for Afghan rebels began earlier under the administration of President Jimmy Carter .
美國對阿富汗反叛者的支持更早就在吉米·卡特總統執政期間開始了。
Carter ordered secret nonlethal aid to rebel groups six months before the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan .
卡特在蘇聯入侵阿富汗六個月前就下令向反叛組織提供秘密的非致命性援助。
The Soviet Union invaded in December of 1979 .
蘇聯於1979年12月入侵。
Carter worked on cooperation with the Soviet Union by seeking approval of the SALT II (Strategic Arms Limitation Talks ) agreement on nuclear weapons .
卡特尋求批准關於核武器的《第二階段限制戰略武器會談》（SALT II）協議，努力與蘇聯合作。
At the same time , his policies and statements pushed against Soviet goals .
與此同時，他的政策和聲明又與蘇聯的目標背道而馳。
David Gibbs is a history professor at the University of Arizona .
戴維·吉布斯是亞利桑那大學的歷史學教授。
A communist takeover in Afghanistan in April 1978 brought down the government of President Mohammad Daoud Khan .
1978年4月，共產黨在阿富汗奪取政權，推翻了穆罕默德·達烏德·汗總統的政府。
The rebels were fighting Afghanistan's Soviet-supported communist government .
反叛者與蘇聯支持的阿富汗共產黨政府作戰。
Carter's order stayed secret until the 1990s .
卡特的命令一直保密到1990年代。
It became known after several Carter administration officials , including former national security adviser Zbigniew Brzezinski , communicated its existence .
在包括前國家安全顧問茲比格涅夫·布里辛斯基在內的幾名卡特政府官員透露其存在後，這一命令才為人所知。
Some historians have called Carter's plan to aid rebel groups the “Afghan Trap .”
一些歷史學家把卡特援助反叛組織的計畫稱為「阿富汗陷阱」。
They said the trap aimed to force the Soviets into a long war similar to America's fight in Vietnam during the 1960s and early 1970s .
他們說，這個陷阱旨在迫使蘇聯陷入一場長期戰爭，就像美國在1960年代和1970年代初在越南的戰爭一樣。
However , he also called such a program “an excellent idea .”
不過，他也稱這樣的計畫是「一個絕妙的主意」。
Conor Tobin is an historian at the University College Dublin in Ireland who has studied the Afghan Trap idea .
康納·托賓是愛爾蘭都柏林大學的歷史學家，曾研究過「阿富汗陷阱」的說法。
He said most experts do not believe the aid was part of a plan to make the Soviets fight .
他說，大多數專家並不認為這項援助是迫使蘇聯參戰計畫的一部分。
Tobin said there is not enough evidence to support the Afghan Trap idea .
托賓說，沒有足夠的證據支持「阿富汗陷阱」的說法。
Tobin also said the Carter administration decided to first wait to see how the situation in Afghanistan would develop after the 1978 government overthrow .
托賓還說，卡特政府決定先觀望1978年政府被推翻後阿富汗局勢會如何發展。
Brzezinski then ordered a new plan for Afghanistan .
隨後，布里辛斯基下令制定一項針對阿富汗的新計畫。
Tobin said Brzezinski asked an administration official to consider the question : “Should we help any insurgents ?”
托賓說，布里辛斯基要求一名政府官員考慮這樣一個問題：「我們應該幫助叛亂分子嗎？」
Tobin said U.S . government officials thought military aid to rebels would cause a strong Soviet reaction .
托賓說，美國政府官員認為，向反叛者提供軍事援助會引起蘇聯的強烈反應。
This judgment led the Carter administration to give nonlethal aid instead .
這一判斷促使卡特政府轉而提供非致命性援助。
“The decision-making process demonstrated caution , rather than an effort to induce an invasion ,” Tobin wrote .
托賓寫道：「決策過程體現的是謹慎，而不是誘使對方入侵的企圖。」
He said , instead of trying to push the Soviets into a fight , Brzezinski worried the Soviets would slowly expand their power in Afghanistan .
他說，布里辛斯基並非想把蘇聯推入戰爭，而是擔心蘇聯會在阿富汗逐步擴張勢力。
“The objectives in mid-1979 were essentially to do something , anything , to counter the Soviet advance in Afghanistan ,” Tobin said .
托賓說：「1979年年中的目標基本上就是採取一些行動，無論什麼行動，來對抗蘇聯在阿富汗的推進。」
In 1979 , another development raised concerns in Washington .
1979年，另一件事在華盛頓引起了擔憂。
Even if Carter did not want armed conflict in Afghanistan , he took a strong position against Soviet efforts to control the Persian Gulf .
即使卡特不希望在阿富汗發生武裝衝突，他也堅決反對蘇聯控制波斯灣的企圖。
That body of water lies between Saudi Arabia and Iran , two major oil producers .
這片水域位於兩大產油國沙烏地阿拉伯和伊朗之間。
On December 28 , 1979 , the day after the Soviets invaded Afghanistan , Carter gave permission to supply weapons and training for the rebels .
1979年12月28日，也就是蘇聯入侵阿富汗的第二天，卡特批准向反叛者提供武器和訓練。
Carter lost the 1980 election to Reagan who mostly continued Carter's Afghan policy for several years before greatly increasing the secret aid program .
卡特在1980年大選中輸給了雷根，雷根在幾年內基本延續了卡特的阿富汗政策，之後大幅擴大了祕密援助計畫。
The aid reached several hundred million dollars a year , and the Soviet military left Afghanistan in defeat in 1989 .
援助金額每年高達數億美元，蘇聯軍隊於1989年戰敗撤出阿富汗。
Jimmy Carter died at the age of 100 on December 29 , 2024 .
吉米·卡特於2024年12月29日去世，享年100歲。