American Places – Gettysburg, Pennsylvania

The Gettysburg National Military Park is in the small town of Gettysburg in the eastern state of Pennsylvania.

葛底斯堡国家军事公园位于东部宾夕法尼亚州的小镇葛底斯堡。

Much of the area around Gettysburg still looks like it did in the 1860s, during the American Civil War.

葛底斯堡周边的大部分地区看起来仍像19世纪60年代美国内战时期一样。

The town is in the middle of good farmland.

这个小镇位于一片良田之中。

Roads pass through Gettysburg that lead to Baltimore, Washington, D.C., and other eastern cities.

穿过葛底斯堡的道路通往巴尔的摩、华盛顿特区和其他东部城市。

It is hard to believe that two huge armies fought there.

很难相信两支庞大的军队曾在那里交战。

One fighting force was the United States Army of the Potomac, commanded by General George Meade.

一方是由乔治·米德将军指挥的美国波托马克军团。

The other was the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia led by General Robert E.

另一方是由罗伯特·E将军率领的南方邦联北弗吉尼亚军团。

Lee's troops had moved north into Pennsylvania from Virginia.

李的部队已从弗吉尼亚向北进入宾夕法尼亚。

The battle of Gettysburg began on July 1, 1863.

葛底斯堡战役于1863年7月1日打响。

About 170,000 soldiers fought for three days.

约17万名士兵激战了三天。

When it ended on July 3, more than 50,000 soldiers were dead, wounded or missing.

7月3日战斗结束时，超过5万名士兵阵亡、受伤或失踪。

Lee's army lost the battle.

李的军队输掉了这场战役。

Many visitors start their visit to Gettysburg at the Gettysburg Museum of the Civil War.

许多游客从葛底斯堡内战博物馆开始他们的葛底斯堡之旅。

The museum has a large collection of Civil War objects.

博物馆收藏了大量内战时期的物品。

The museum has more than 1 million artifacts, from soldiers’ private notebooks and clothing to maps of the battlefield.

博物馆有100多万件文物，从士兵的私人笔记本和衣物到战场地图，应有尽有。

The museum also houses the Gettysburg cyclorama painting.

博物馆还收藏着葛底斯堡环形全景画。

This kind of artwork completely surrounds the people looking at it.

这种艺术作品会把观看者完全环绕起来。

The painting shows the artist's vision of the final major attack of the battle on July 3, 1863.

这幅画展现了画家眼中1863年7月3日战役的最后一次大规模进攻。

Over time, it has come to be called Pickett's Charge.

随着时间推移，这次进攻被称为“皮克特冲锋”。

George Pickett was one of several Confederate commanders ordered to make the charge.

乔治·皮克特是奉命发起冲锋的几位南方邦联指挥官之一。

The Confederate soldiers reached a point close to the northern lines and headquarters.

南方邦联士兵一度逼近北方的防线和指挥部。

Northern forces then turned the Confederates back.

随后，北方军队击退了南方邦联军。

The charge failed.

这次冲锋失败了。

Southern forces would never again reach so far north.

南方军队再也没有推进到那么远的北方。

Soon after the battle, people began to visit Gettysburg to try to understand what happened there.

战役结束后不久，人们就开始前往葛底斯堡，试图了解那里发生了什么。

One of those visitors, on November 19, 1863, was President Abraham Lincoln.

1863年11月19日，其中一位访客就是亚伯拉罕·林肯总统。

Lincoln spoke for just two minutes.

林肯只讲了两分钟。

But his speech, known as “The Gettysburg Address,” is one of the most famous pieces of American oratory.

但他的演讲，即著名的“葛底斯堡演说”，是美国最著名的演说之一。

I'm Mario Ritter, Jr.

我是小马里奥·里特。